Constrained Supply. The global economy is reopening, with the U.S. leading the way with its vaccine roll-out. While the Delta variant of...

America is on the road to recovery. A multi-speed global recovery that will supply different leaders at different times and smooth growth.

In an age of science, politics reigned. America can see the light at the end of the tunnel. The hope is for a return to normalcy by...

The pump is primed. High valuations in nearly every asset class suggest investors see promise everywhere. The tune is tactical investing.

While the specific calculation of the pension liability can take different forms, core principles always apply to the valuation. An...

Actuaries must forecast the future along two dimensions to construct the liability: demographic and economic. The relative stability of...

There are two drivers of the liability’s size. First, the forecast of the amount of cash flows payable during retirement. Second, the...

The key to a successful defined benefit pension plan is managing risk. The pension plan is a significant employee benefit that supports...

The explanation for why risk parity works reside in two parallel theoretical frameworks for investment. The first is modern portfolio...

The objective of risk parity is managing risk. A portfolio contains three principal drivers of risk: public markets, strategy, and...